Beginning dev checklist
We believe that our mentoring process is an investment in our future and in the future of Open Source. By teaching people -- no matter how experienced or inexperienced -- how to contribute to our codebase, we're building our own next generation of contributors. Every hour that we spend training someone to contribute is paid back tenfold, in multiple ways: we get more patches submitted, we get more people who can mentor other people, we get better documentation, and we get more people into the Open Source world.
If you're interested in beginning development with us, we'll teach you. Here's the absolute basic framework of what you need to know, what you need to have, and what you need to learn. We'll fill it in with links to Wiki articles explaining each step of the process.
Be aware that a lot of this article comes from the viewpoint that you'll be using a Dreamhack. More important information, including the step-by-step list of things you should do the first time you connect to your Dreamhack, can be found at Dreamhack getting started.
Even if you're an experienced Open Source developer, please skim over this article to familiarize yourself with the way we do things!
Contents
Setting up and working with a development environment
Getting a development environment
The absolute first thing you'll need is a development environment: someplace where you can host the code you're going to be working on. This will be a complete local installation of the Dreamwidth service, running on a separate server. If you're comfortable with installing the code yourself, see Dev Getting Started. If you absolutely don't know where to start, are overwhelmed at the idea of trying, or just don't want to, we offer hosted development installations on our Dreamhack service: we'll do the initial install for you. (You'll have to keep it upgraded after that.)
Working with Unix
The Dreamwidth code runs under Unix (specifically, Ubuntu Linux). If you've never used Unix before, you might want to read over a tutorial on how to approach the system, how to use the command line, how to create files, delete files, move files, and other useful things. For the rest of this list, I'll assume you're familiar with the basics of directory structures. In particular, you use the symbol ~ to represent your home directory: the top-level directory that everything else goes in.
The location of $LJHOME
Some instructions on the wiki will mention $LJHOME (must be all caps). This is where your Dreamwidth code can be found. You can type it as-is; there's no need to replace it with anything else.
On a Dreamhack, $LJHOME points to the ~/dw directory. Thus, cd $LJHOME/etc (for example) is the same as cd ~/dw/etc, and will change your directory to ~/dw/etc.
Accessing your files
Once you have a development environment, you'll need to access the files on them (in order to change them). This involves downloading a program that will do SSH, or "secure shell". It lets you connect to the other site (in this case your dev server) and work with the files, which you can't do through your browser. If you're running Windows, download PuTTY. If you're on a Mac or a Linux distribution, you won't need a separate program; the Terminal (Applications/Utilities/Terminal on the Mac) will let you connect.
Use your SSH system to go to hack.dreamwidth.net. Enter the username and password provided in your Dreamhack setup email.
Set the system user password
Your Dreamhack installation has a user named 'system', which has all the admin privs and owns all the system styles. The system account is the first account on the server. You need to set a password so you can log into it. Type:
$LJHOME/bin/upgrading/make_system.pl
Pick something you'll remember. (If you ever forget the system password, though, you can just run make_system.pl again and re-set it.)
Set up for test users
You are probably going to want to create test users on your Dreamhack. By default your Dreamhack installation will ask for invite codes. You can generate your own invite codes on your Dreamhack, or disable this. Instructions on disabling this are included further down.
You are likely to want at least two test accounts, for example so one can subscribe to inbox/email notifications of entries posted by another. You can create test accounts as you find you need them.
Start programming
Editors
Once you've done all that, you're ready to start programming! You're going to need to use an editor: something that will let you edit the files you're working with. There are two ways you can do this:
- You can download the files from your Dreamhack to your local machine, edit them, and then re-upload them.
- You can edit them directly on the Dreamhack itself.
If you want to edit them on the Dreamhack, you're going to need to learn one of the several Unix editors that are installed on the system. The question of which editor you should be using is going to be personal preference, and the "editor war" is a hotly-debated topic.
For an absolute beginner, the best editor to use is probably nano, an open-source version of the "pico" editor. it doesn't have everything, but it is very, very quickly learnable. (Other editors in the server include emacs, vim, and joe, but nano is the easiest. "pico" isn't installed on the server; if you try to use it, it'll run nano instead.)
Working with nano
One thing you absolutely do need to keep in mind, though, is that by default nano will word-wrap the file that you're working on, and when it does this, it quietly adds *real* linebreaks to the file. This can cause trouble with generating patches, and because it looks like it's just a display word-wrap, rather than an actual word-wrap, it can take you a while to diagnose it. To prevent this from happening, when you call nano, do it with the -w flag, which will turn off auto-linebreaking for that session:
nano -w filename
You may want to make this a default by editing the nano config file:
echo 'set nowrap' >> ~/.nanorc
Allow users to register without invite codes
A useful first edit is to turn invite codes off in etc/config.pl, to make it quicker to set up dummy accounts for playing around. Type:
cd $LJHOME nano -w etc/config.pl
This will open the config file in nano. Have a skim through, as there are lots of useful options here. To turn invite codes off, scroll down to $USE_ACCT_CODES = 1 and change it to 0. To save this, use Ctrl-O and then Enter, and exit using Ctrl-X.
Once you've done that, restart your hack by typing "stop-apache", then "start-apache". (Every time you change a file that ends in .pm or .pl, it's a good idea to restart Apache again to make sure the modules reload.)
You can then go to http://www.yourname.hack.dreamwidth.net/ (replacing 'yourname' with the name you chose when applying for a Dreamhack) and start playing. The front page of your hack will now give you a message about being able to join without an invite code for a week, and offer a link to do so. You can ignore the "This week only" part - that's just the text that was initially used on the regular site when we first turned off invite codes.
Or, create a promo code
If you don't want to turn off invite codes entirely, to prevent spam account registration, you can make a "promo code" that will let you create users whenever you want, without having to generate invite codes directly.
First, go to http://www.yourname.hack.dreamwidth.net/admin/priv (while logged in as the system user or another user with admin:*) and grant yourself the 'payments' priv. Then, go to http://www.yourname.hack.dreamwidth.net/admin/invites/promo. Select "Create New", check the "Active" box, and input a code (letters/numbers only; case-sensitive) and a number of accounts the code will work to create. Once you hit save, the promo code will be activated and will work the same way as an invite code will.
Layout of the code directory
All of the code is contained in the $LJHOME directory. On Dreamhacks, this is in: ~/dw. When you make changes to the code in this directory and restart the server, your changes will show up.
You can see what changes you have made by doing git diff: the output shows all local changes to the branch you're in since the last commit.
You can revert an the original committed version of the code by [INSERT GIT INSTRUCTIONS]
Finding what you're looking for in the code
The code is a little ... sprawling. Finding what you're looking to change can be pretty hard. Fortunately, we have some instructions at Dev Finding Things.
( ...insert more about where to look for things, common use areas, how to use rgrep for fun and profit, etc )
( ...insert more about how to recover from a disaster, aka What Happens When You Break It )
Getting back to a clean slate
Sometimes when you're investigating an issue, you'll end up with a bunch of debug code hanging around in random files. To see all your changes, run:
git status
To revert all of your changes and get back to a clean slate, run:
git checkout .
To revert only the changes in specific files or directories, run:
git checkout dir/subdir dir/file.txt
Submitting your changes to Dreamwidth
The way to do this is to submit a pull request. If you're totally unfamiliar with Git, see Git Getting Started for links to basics.
Once you've made your changes, and verified that they're working the way you want them to — testing every single usage case you think could possibly be affected by what you've changed — you need to submit a pull request via Github, so your changes can be pulled into the official code repository. One of the people (known as a 'committer') who maintain the official code repository will apply that patch to their own development environment, verify that it works, and if it works, accept your changes into the main code repository.
See Version Control for steps on submitting a pull request, and Dev Committing Guidelines also has some useful information. You'll probably also need to read Dev Maintenance if you haven't already.
